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Horizontal excess curvature (khe) is a
difference of horizontal and minimal curvatures*. The unit of measurement is
m‑1.
where
kh, kmin , M, and E are horizontal, minimal, unsphericity, and difference curvatures, correspondingly. Horizontal excess curvature describes to what extent
horizontal curvature is larger
than minimal curvature at the given point
of the topographic surface. Like other local morphometric
variables, horizontal excess
curvature can be derived
from a digital elevation model (DEM) by finite-difference
methods (e.g., IF-2009
method and IF-1998
method) as well as the universal spectral
analytical method. Example**. A model of horizontal excess curvature was
derived from a DEM of Mount Ararat by the
universal spectral analytical method.
The model includes 779,401 points
(the matrix 1081 x 721); the grid spacing is 1". To deal
with the large dynamic range of this variable, its values were logarithmically transformed. The vertical
exaggeration of the 3D model is 2x. The data processing and modelling were carried out using the software Matlab R2008b. References
*
Shary, P.A., 1995. Land surface in gravity points classification by a
complete system of curvatures. Mathematical Geology, 27: 373–390.
** Florinsky,
I.V., 2017. An illustrated introduction to
general geomorphometry. Progress in Physical Geography, 41: 723–752. doi pdf
For
details and other examples, see:
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